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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones in which there is reduced bone mass and weakening of bones. Thus there is increased risk for breaks in bones otherwise known as fractures. Osteoporosis is a silent disease which can progress painlessly. If not prevented or if left untreated, it can result in bone fractures. These bone fractures occur typically in the hip, spine, and wrist.

Any bone can be affected, but of special concern are fractures of the hip and spine. A hip fracture almost always requires hospitalization and major surgery. It can impair a person's ability to walk unassisted and may cause prolonged or permanent disability or even death. Spinal or vertebral fractures also have serious consequences, including loss of height, severe back pain, and deformity.

Who is at risk of osteoporosis

Certain people are more likely to develop osteoporosis than others. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis and fractures include:

• Advanced age
• An inactive lifestyle
• A family history of osteoporosis
• Current low bone mass
• Being thin and/or having a small frame
• Estrogen deficiency as a result of menopause, especially early or surgically induced
• Low lifetime calcium intake
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Use of certain medications (corticosteroids, chemotherapy, anticonvulsants and others)

Osteoporotic fractures in India can occur in both sexes. Although it is mainly found in older age group, in India osteoporosis may occur at a younger age than in the west.

Symptoms

Osteoporosis is a condition that develops slowly and silently over several years. The symptoms are not obvious and early warning signs can include joint pains, and having difficulty standing or sitting up straight.

When the bones are significantly thinned (a low bone mass), breakages of the wrist, hip, or spinal bones (vertebra) are most common. There may be no warning before a minor fall or sudden impact causes a bone fracture.

A fractured bone in an older person can be more serious because the bone is no longer able to repair itself effectively. This can lead to arthritis, and even disability. Some older people may be unable to live independently following a bone fracture.

Prevention

Regular exercise with a healthy diet that contains sufficient calcium and vitamin D are the best ways to delay the onset of osteoporosis, and slow down the rate at which bones become fragile.

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